General Information

  • ID:  hor000890
  • Uniprot ID:  P22466
  • Protein name:  Galanin
  • Gene name:  GAL
  • Organism:  Homo sapiens (Human)
  • Family:  Galanin family
  • Source:  Human
  • Expression:  NA
  • Disease:  Diseases associated with GAL include Epilepsy, Familial Temporal Lobe, 8 and Acute Endometritis.
  • Comments:  NA
  • Taxonomy:  Homo (genus), Homininae (subfamily), Hominidae (family), Hominoidea (superfamily), Catarrhini (parvorder), Simiiformes (infraorder), Haplorrhini (suborder), Primates (order), Euarchontoglires (superorder), Boreoeutheria, Eutheria, Theria, Mammalia (class), Amniota, Tetrapoda, Dipnotetrapodomorpha, Sarcopterygii (superclass), Euteleostomi, Teleostomi, Gnathostomata, Vertebrata, Craniata (subphylum), Chordata (phylum), Deuterostomia, Bilateria, Eumetazoa, Metazoa (kingdom), Opisthokonta, Eukaryota (superkingdom), cellular organisms
  • GO MF:  GO:0004966 galanin receptor activity; GO:0005179 hormone activity; GO:0005184 neuropeptide hormone activity; GO:0005515 protein binding; GO:0031763 galanin receptor binding; GO:0031764 type 1 galanin receptor binding; GO:0031765 type 2 galanin receptor binding; GO:0031766 type 3 galanin receptor binding
  • GO BP:  GO:0007218 neuropeptide signaling pathway; GO:0007631 feeding behavior; GO:0008285 negative regulation of cell population proliferation; GO:0009410 response to xenobiotic stimulus; GO:0010737 protein kinase A signaling; GO:0019933 cAMP-mediated signaling; GO:0030073 insulin secretion; GO:0031943 regulation of glucocorticoid metabolic process; GO:0032868 response to insulin; GO:0035902 response to immobilization stress; GO:0043065 positive regulation of apoptotic process; GO:0043627 response to estrogen; GO:0045944 positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II; GO:0050672 negative regulation of lymphocyte proliferation; GO:0051464 positive regulation of cortisol secretion; GO:0051795 positive regulation of timing of catagen; GO:1902608 positive regulation of large conductance calcium-activated potassium channel activity
  • GO CC:  GO:0005576 extracellular region; GO:0005615 extracellular space; GO:0030141 secretory granule; GO:0043025 neuronal cell body

Sequence Information

  • Sequence:  GWTLNSAGYLLGPHAVGNHRSFSDKNGLTS
  • Length:  30(33-62)
  • Propeptide:  MARGSALLLASLLLAAALSASAGLWSPAKEKRGWTLNSAGYLLGPHAVGNHRSFSDKNGLTSKRELRPEDDMKPGSFDRSIPENNIMRTIIEFLSFLHLKEAGALDRLLDLPAAASSEDIERS
  • Signal peptide:  MARGSALLLASLLLAAALS
  • Modification:  NA
  • Glycosylation:  NA
  • Mutagenesis:  NA

Activity

  • Function:  May regulate diverse physiologic functions including contraction of smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tract, growth hormone and insulin release and adrenal secretion.
  • Mechanism:  NA
  • Cross BBB:  NA
  • Target:  GALR2, GALR1
  • Target Unid:   O43603, P47211
  • IC50:  NA
  • EC50:  NA
  • ED50:  NA
  • Kd:  NA
  • Half life:  222 seconds ( PubMed ID: 7689499 )

Structure

  • Disulfide bond:  NA
  • Structure ID:  AF-P22466-F1(AlphaFold_DB_ID)

  • Structure: (PDB_ID-from https://www.rcsb.org/; AlphaFold_DB_ID-from https://alphafold.ebi.ac.uk/; hordbxxxxxx_AF2.pdb was predicted structure by AlphaFold2; hordbxxxxxx_ESM.pdb was predicted structure by ESMFold)
    •    hor000890_AF2.pdbhor000890_ESM.pdb

Physical Information

Mass: 367490 Formula: C139H210N42O43
Absent amino acids: CEIMQ Common amino acids: G
pI: 9.3 Basic residues: 4
Polar residues: 15 Hydrophobic residues: 9
Hydrophobicity: -44.67 Boman Index: -3996
Half-Life / Aliphatic Index: 30 hour Aliphatic Index: 68.33
Instability Index: 678.67 Extinction Coefficient cystines: 6990
Absorbance 280nm: 241.03

Literature

  • PubMed ID:  1710578
  • Title:  Human Galanin: Primary Structure and Identification of Two Molecular Forms.
  • PubMed ID:  1722333
  • Title:  Isolation and primary structure of pituitary human galanin, a 30-residue nonamidated neuropeptide.
  • PubMed ID:  7689499
  • Title: